Charango

Region: Peru/Bolivia · Family: Lute · Date: 17th century CE · Strings: 5 courses of 2 strings each

Overview

The charango is a small South American lute from the Andes, most likely developed in the 17th–18th centuries after the arrival of the Spanish vihuela and guitar. Traditionally made from the shell of an armadillo (quirquincho), it is now more often carved from wood for durability and ethical reasons. The charango has five pairs of strings (10 total), tuned G C E A E — similar to a ukulele with an added high E course — and produces a bright, harp-like tone.

History

The charango likely originated in Potosí (Bolivia) or Ayacucho (Peru), where indigenous musicians adapted European string instruments using local materials. It became deeply integrated into Andean identity, accompanying Quechua and Aymara songs and dances. Its portability and expressive sound made it a favored companion for travelers and festivals.
By the 20th century, it had spread throughout the Andes and is now a symbol of Andean music, often paired with panpipes (zampona) and drums in traditional ensembles.

Construction

Charangos are typically about 60 cm long with 10 nylon or metal strings in five double courses. The soundbox may be carved from a single piece of wood or formed from an armadillo shell, with a flat or slightly rounded back. A wooden bridge and bone or metal nut anchor the strings, which pass over a soundhole carved in the center of the top plate.

Terminology Notes

  • Quirquincho — Spanish for armadillo, referencing the original resonator material.
  • Trastes — frets; often metal on modern instruments.
  • Diapasón — fingerboard.